HSIC.cpp

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/*
 * Copyright (c) The Shogun Machine Learning Toolbox
 * Written (w) 2012-2013 Heiko Strathmann
 * Written (w) 2014 Soumyajit De
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
 * of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies,
 * either expressed or implied, of the Shogun Development Team.
 */

#include <shogun/statistics/HSIC.h>
#include <shogun/features/Features.h>
#include <shogun/mathematics/Statistics.h>
#include <shogun/kernel/Kernel.h>
#include <shogun/kernel/CustomKernel.h>

using namespace shogun;

CHSIC::CHSIC() : CKernelIndependenceTest()
{
    init();
}

CHSIC::CHSIC(CKernel* kernel_p, CKernel* kernel_q, CFeatures* p,
        CFeatures* q) :
        CKernelIndependenceTest(kernel_p, kernel_q, p, q)
{
    init();

    if (p && q && p->get_num_vectors()!=q->get_num_vectors())
    {
        SG_ERROR("Only features with equal number of vectors are currently "
                "possible\n");
    }
    else
        m_num_features=p->get_num_vectors();
}

CHSIC::~CHSIC()
{
}

void CHSIC::init()
{
    SG_ADD(&m_num_features, "num_features",
            "Number of features from each of the distributions",
            MS_NOT_AVAILABLE);

    m_num_features=0;
}

float64_t CHSIC::compute_statistic()
{
    SG_DEBUG("entering!\n");

    REQUIRE(m_kernel_p && m_kernel_q, "No or only one kernel specified!\n");

    REQUIRE(m_p && m_q, "features needed!\n")

    /* compute kernel matrices */
    SGMatrix<float64_t> K=get_kernel_matrix_K();
    SGMatrix<float64_t> L=get_kernel_matrix_L();

    /* center matrices (MATLAB: Kc=H*K*H) */
    K.center();

    /* compute MATLAB: sum(sum(Kc' .* (L))), which is biased HSIC */
    index_t m=m_num_features;
    SG_DEBUG("Number of samples %d!\n", m);

    float64_t result=0;
    for (index_t i=0; i<m; ++i)
    {
        for (index_t j=0; j<m; ++j)
            result+=K(j, i)*L(i, j);
    }

    /* return m times statistic */
    result/=m;

    SG_DEBUG("leaving!\n");

    return result;
}

float64_t CHSIC::compute_p_value(float64_t statistic)
{
    float64_t result=0;
    switch (m_null_approximation_method)
    {
    case HSIC_GAMMA:
    {
        /* fit gamma and return cdf at statistic */
        SGVector<float64_t> params=fit_null_gamma();
        result=CStatistics::gamma_cdf(statistic, params[0], params[1]);
        break;
    }

    default:
        /* sampling null is handled there */
        result=CIndependenceTest::compute_p_value(statistic);
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

float64_t CHSIC::compute_threshold(float64_t alpha)
{
    float64_t result=0;
    switch (m_null_approximation_method)
    {
    case HSIC_GAMMA:
    {
        /* fit gamma and return inverse cdf at statistic */
        SGVector<float64_t> params=fit_null_gamma();
        result=CStatistics::inverse_gamma_cdf(alpha, params[0], params[1]);
        break;
    }

    default:
        /* sampling null is handled there */
        result=CIndependenceTest::compute_threshold(alpha);
        break;
    }

    return result;
}

SGVector<float64_t> CHSIC::fit_null_gamma()
{
    REQUIRE(m_kernel_p && m_kernel_q, "No or only one kernel specified!\n");

    REQUIRE(m_p && m_q, "features needed!\n")

    index_t m=m_num_features;

    /* compute kernel matrices */
    SGMatrix<float64_t> K=get_kernel_matrix_K();
    SGMatrix<float64_t> L=get_kernel_matrix_L();

    /* compute sum and trace of uncentered kernel matrices, needed later */
    float64_t trace_K=0;
    float64_t trace_L=0;
    float64_t sum_K=0;
    float64_t sum_L=0;
    for (index_t i=0; i<m; ++i)
    {
        trace_K+=K(i,i);
        trace_L+=L(i,i);
        for (index_t j=0; j<m; ++j)
        {
            sum_K+=K(i,j);
            sum_L+=L(i,j);
        }
    }
    SG_DEBUG("sum_K: %f, sum_L: %f, trace_K: %f, trace_L: %f\n", sum_K, sum_L,
            trace_K, trace_L);

    /* center both matrices: K=H*K*H, L=H*L*H in MATLAB */
    K.center();
    L.center();

    /* compute the trace of MATLAB: (1/6 * Kc.*Lc).^2 Ü */
    float64_t trace=0;
    for (index_t i=0; i<m; ++i)
        trace+=CMath::pow(K(i,i)*L(i,i), 2);

    trace/=36.0;
    SG_DEBUG("trace %f\n", trace)

    /* compute sum of elements of MATLAB: (1/6 * Kc.*Lc).^2 */
    float64_t sum=0;
    for (index_t i=0; i<m; ++i)
    {
        for (index_t j=0; j<m; ++j)
            sum+=CMath::pow(K(i,j)*L(i,j), 2);
    }
    sum/=36.0;
    SG_DEBUG("sum %f\n", sum)

    /* compute MATLAB: 1/m/(m-1)*(sum(sum(varHSIC)) - sum(diag(varHSIC))),
     * second term is bias correction */
    float64_t var_hsic=1.0/m/(m-1)*(sum-trace);
    SG_DEBUG("1.0/m/(m-1)*(sum-trace): %f\n", var_hsic)

    /* finally, compute variance of hsic under H0
     * MATLAB: varHSIC = 72*(m-4)*(m-5)/m/(m-1)/(m-2)/(m-3)  *  varHSIC */
    var_hsic=72.0*(m-4)*(m-5)/m/(m-1)/(m-2)/(m-3)*var_hsic;
    SG_DEBUG("var_hsic: %f\n", var_hsic)

    /* compute mean of matrices with diagonal elements zero on the base of sums
     * and trace from K and L which were computed above */
    float64_t mu_x=1.0/m/(m-1)*(sum_K-trace_K);
    float64_t mu_y=1.0/m/(m-1)*(sum_L-trace_L);
    SG_DEBUG("mu_x: %f, mu_y: %f\n", mu_x, mu_y)

    /* compute mean under H0, MATLAB: 1/m * ( 1 +muX*muY  - muX - muY ) */
    float64_t m_hsic=1.0/m*(1+mu_x*mu_y-mu_x-mu_y);
    SG_DEBUG("m_hsic: %f\n", m_hsic)

    /* finally, compute parameters of gamma distirbution */
    float64_t a=CMath::pow(m_hsic, 2)/var_hsic;
    float64_t b=var_hsic*m/m_hsic;
    SG_DEBUG("a: %f, b: %f\n", a, b)

    SGVector<float64_t> result(2);
    result[0]=a;
    result[1]=b;

    SG_DEBUG("leaving!\n")
    return result;
}

SGVector<float64_t> CHSIC::sample_null()
{
    SG_DEBUG("entering!\n")

    /* replace current kernel via precomputed custom kernel and call superclass
     * method */

    /* backup references to old kernels */
    CKernel* kernel_p=m_kernel_p;
    CKernel* kernel_q=m_kernel_q;

    /* init kernels before to be sure that everything is fine
     * kernel function between two samples from different distributions
     * is never computed - in fact, they may as well have different features */
    m_kernel_p->init(m_p, m_p);
    m_kernel_q->init(m_q, m_q);

    /* precompute kernel matrices */
    CCustomKernel* precomputed_p=new CCustomKernel(m_kernel_p);
    CCustomKernel* precomputed_q=new CCustomKernel(m_kernel_q);
    SG_REF(precomputed_p);
    SG_REF(precomputed_q);

    /* temporarily replace own kernels */
    m_kernel_p=precomputed_p;
    m_kernel_q=precomputed_q;

    /* use superclass sample_null which shuffles the entries for one
     * distribution using index permutation on rows and columns of
     * kernel matrix from one distribution, while accessing the other
     * in its original order and then compute statistic */
    SGVector<float64_t> null_samples=CKernelIndependenceTest::sample_null();

    /* restore kernels */
    m_kernel_p=kernel_p;
    m_kernel_q=kernel_q;

    SG_UNREF(precomputed_p);
    SG_UNREF(precomputed_q);

    SG_DEBUG("leaving!\n")
    return null_samples;
}

void CHSIC::set_p(CFeatures* p)
{
    CIndependenceTest::set_p(p);
    m_num_features=p->get_num_vectors();
}

void CHSIC::set_q(CFeatures* q)
{
    CIndependenceTest::set_q(q);
    m_num_features=q->get_num_vectors();
}