SHOGUN
4.1.0
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The inference method class based on the Titsias' variational bound. For more details, see Titsias, Michalis K. "Variational learning of inducing variables in sparse Gaussian processes." International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. 2009.
NOTE: The Gaussian Likelihood Function must be used for this inference method.
Definition at line 54 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
Static Public Member Functions | |
static CSparseVGInferenceMethod * | obtain_from_generic (CInferenceMethod *inference) |
Public Attributes | |
SGIO * | io |
Parallel * | parallel |
Version * | version |
Parameter * | m_parameters |
Parameter * | m_model_selection_parameters |
Parameter * | m_gradient_parameters |
uint32_t | m_hash |
Static Protected Member Functions | |
static void * | get_derivative_helper (void *p) |
default constructor
Definition at line 50 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
CSparseVGInferenceMethod | ( | CKernel * | kernel, |
CFeatures * | features, | ||
CMeanFunction * | mean, | ||
CLabels * | labels, | ||
CLikelihoodModel * | model, | ||
CFeatures * | inducing_features | ||
) |
constructor
kernel | covariance function |
features | features to use in inference |
mean | mean function |
labels | labels of the features |
model | likelihood model to use |
inducing_features | features to use |
Definition at line 55 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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virtual |
Definition at line 85 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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Builds a dictionary of all parameters in SGObject as well of those of SGObjects that are parameters of this object. Dictionary maps parameters to the objects that own them.
dict | dictionary of parameters to be built. |
Definition at line 597 of file SGObject.cpp.
check the bound constraint is vailid or not
bound | bound constrains of inducing features |
name | the name of the bound |
Definition at line 202 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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check whether features and inducing features are set
Definition at line 49 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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check whether the provided kernel can compute the gradient wrt inducing features
Note that currently we check the name of the provided kernel to determine whether the kernel can compute the derivatives wrt inducing_features
The name of a supported Kernel must end with "SparseKernel"
Definition at line 96 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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check if members of object are valid for inference
Reimplemented from CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 127 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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Creates a clone of the current object. This is done via recursively traversing all parameters, which corresponds to a deep copy. Calling equals on the cloned object always returns true although none of the memory of both objects overlaps.
Definition at line 714 of file SGObject.cpp.
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update gradients
Reimplemented from CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 89 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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convert inducing features and features to the same represention
Note that these two kinds of features can be different types. The reasons are listed below.
Definition at line 54 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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A deep copy. All the instance variables will also be copied.
Definition at line 198 of file SGObject.cpp.
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whether enable to opitmize inducing features
is_optmization | enable optimization |
Definition at line 257 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
Recursively compares the current SGObject to another one. Compares all registered numerical parameters, recursion upon complex (SGObject) parameters. Does not compare pointers!
May be overwritten but please do with care! Should not be necessary in most cases.
other | object to compare with |
accuracy | accuracy to use for comparison (optional) |
tolerant | allows linient check on float equality (within accuracy) |
Definition at line 618 of file SGObject.cpp.
get alpha vector
\[ \mu = K\alpha \]
where \(\mu\) is the mean and \(K\) is the prior covariance matrix.
Definition at line 136 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
get Cholesky decomposition matrix
\[ L = Cholesky(sW*K*sW+I) \]
where \(K\) is the prior covariance matrix, \(sW\) is the vector returned by get_diagonal_vector(), and \(I\) is the identity matrix.
Definition at line 145 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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pthread helper method to compute negative log marginal likelihood derivatives wrt hyperparameter
Definition at line 255 of file InferenceMethod.cpp.
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compute variables which are required to compute negative log marginal likelihood full derivatives wrt cov-like hyperparameter \(\theta\)
Note that scale, which is a hyperparameter in inference_method, is a cov-like hyperparameter hyperparameters in cov function are cov-like hyperparameters
ddiagKi | \(\textbf{diag}(\frac{\partial {\Sigma_{n}}}{\partial {\theta}})\) |
dKuui | \(\frac{\partial {\Sigma_{m}}}{\partial {\theta}}\) |
dKui | \(\frac{\partial {\Sigma_{m,n}}}{\partial {\theta}}\) |
Implements CSingleSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 391 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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returns derivative of negative log marginal likelihood wrt inducing features (input) Note that in order to call this method, kernel must support Sparse inference, which means derivatives wrt inducing features can be computed
Note that the kernel must support to compute the derivatives wrt inducing features
param | parameter of given kernel |
Implements CSingleSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 333 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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returns derivative of negative log marginal likelihood wrt inducing noise
param | parameter of given inference class |
Implements CSingleSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 377 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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returns derivative of negative log marginal likelihood wrt parameter of CInferenceMethod class
param | parameter of CInferenceMethod class |
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Reimplemented in CSingleFITCLaplacianInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 108 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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returns derivative of negative log marginal likelihood wrt kernel's parameter
param | parameter of given kernel |
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Reimplemented in CSingleFITCLaplacianInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 160 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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returns derivative of negative log marginal likelihood wrt parameter of likelihood model
param | parameter of given likelihood model |
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 308 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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returns derivative of negative log marginal likelihood wrt mean function's parameter
param | parameter of given mean function |
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 409 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
get diagonal vector
\[ Cov = (K^{-1}+sW^{2})^{-1} \]
where \(Cov\) is the posterior covariance matrix, \(K\) is the prior covariance matrix, and \(sW\) is the diagonal vector.
Definition at line 137 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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get the gradient
parameters | parameter's dictionary |
Implements CDifferentiableFunction.
Definition at line 245 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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get the noise for inducing points
Definition at line 119 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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return what type of inference we are
Reimplemented from CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 85 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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Computes an unbiased estimate of the marginal-likelihood (in log-domain),
\[ p(y|X,\theta), \]
where \(y\) are the labels, \(X\) are the features (omitted from in the following expressions), and \(\theta\) represent hyperparameters.
This is done via a Gaussian approximation to the posterior \(q(f|y, \theta)\approx p(f|y, \theta)\), which is computed by the underlying CInferenceMethod instance (if implemented, otherwise error), and then using an importance sample estimator
\[ p(y|\theta)=\int p(y|f)p(f|\theta)df =\int p(y|f)\frac{p(f|\theta)}{q(f|y, \theta)}q(f|y, \theta)df \approx\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n p(y|f^{(i)})\frac{p(f^{(i)}|\theta)} {q(f^{(i)}|y, \theta)}, \]
where \( f^{(i)} \) are samples from the posterior approximation \( q(f|y, \theta) \). The resulting estimator has a low variance if \( q(f|y, \theta) \) is a good approximation. It has large variance otherwise (while still being consistent). Storing all number of log-domain ensures numerical stability.
num_importance_samples | the number of importance samples \(n\) from \( q(f|y, \theta) \). |
ridge_size | scalar that is added to the diagonal of the involved Gaussian distribution's covariance of GP prior and posterior approximation to stabilise things. Increase if covariance matrix is not numerically positive semi-definite. |
Definition at line 126 of file InferenceMethod.cpp.
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Definition at line 498 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Returns description of a given parameter string, if it exists. SG_ERROR otherwise
param_name | name of the parameter |
Definition at line 522 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Returns index of model selection parameter with provided index
param_name | name of model selection parameter |
Definition at line 535 of file SGObject.cpp.
get the E matrix used for multi classification
Definition at line 72 of file InferenceMethod.cpp.
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returns the name of the inference method
Reimplemented from CSingleSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 79 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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get negative log marginal likelihood
\[ -log(p(y|X, \theta)) \]
where \(y\) are the labels, \(X\) are the features, and \(\theta\) represent hyperparameters.
Implements CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 144 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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get log marginal likelihood gradient
\[ -\frac{\partial log(p(y|X, \theta))}{\partial \theta} \]
where \(y\) are the labels, \(X\) are the features, and \(\theta\) represent hyperparameters.
Definition at line 185 of file InferenceMethod.cpp.
returns covariance matrix \(\Sigma\) of the Gaussian distribution \(\mathcal{N}(\mu,\Sigma)\), which is an approximation to the posterior:
\[ p(f|y) \approx q(f|y) = \mathcal{N}(\mu,\Sigma) \]
in case if particular inference method doesn't compute posterior \(p(f|y)\) exactly, and it returns covariance matrix \(\Sigma\) of the posterior Gaussian distribution \(\mathcal{N}(\mu,\Sigma)\) otherwise.
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 301 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
returns mean vector \(\mu\) of the Gaussian distribution \(\mathcal{N}(\mu,\Sigma)\), which is an approximation to the posterior:
\[ p(f|y) \approx q(f|y) = \mathcal{N}(\mu,\Sigma) \]
in case if particular inference method doesn't compute posterior \(p(f|y)\) exactly, and it returns covariance matrix \(\Sigma\) of the posterior Gaussian distribution \(\mathcal{N}(\mu,\Sigma)\) otherwise.
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 294 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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get the function value
Implements CDifferentiableFunction.
Definition at line 255 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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If the SGSerializable is a class template then TRUE will be returned and GENERIC is set to the type of the generic.
generic | set to the type of the generic if returning TRUE |
Definition at line 296 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Load this object from file. If it will fail (returning FALSE) then this object will contain inconsistent data and should not be used!
file | where to load from |
prefix | prefix for members |
Definition at line 369 of file SGObject.cpp.
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protectedvirtualinherited |
Can (optionally) be overridden to post-initialize some member variables which are not PARAMETER::ADD'ed. Make sure that at first the overridden method BASE_CLASS::LOAD_SERIALIZABLE_POST is called.
ShogunException | will be thrown if an error occurs. |
Reimplemented in CKernel, CWeightedDegreePositionStringKernel, CList, CAlphabet, CLinearHMM, CGaussianKernel, CInverseMultiQuadricKernel, CCircularKernel, and CExponentialKernel.
Definition at line 426 of file SGObject.cpp.
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protectedvirtualinherited |
Can (optionally) be overridden to pre-initialize some member variables which are not PARAMETER::ADD'ed. Make sure that at first the overridden method BASE_CLASS::LOAD_SERIALIZABLE_PRE is called.
ShogunException | will be thrown if an error occurs. |
Reimplemented in CDynamicArray< T >, CDynamicArray< float64_t >, CDynamicArray< float32_t >, CDynamicArray< int32_t >, CDynamicArray< char >, CDynamicArray< bool >, and CDynamicObjectArray.
Definition at line 421 of file SGObject.cpp.
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static |
helper method used to specialize a base class instance
inference | inference method |
Definition at line 114 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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opitmize inducing features
Definition at line 262 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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Definition at line 262 of file SGObject.cpp.
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prints all parameter registered for model selection and their type
Definition at line 474 of file SGObject.cpp.
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prints registered parameters out
prefix | prefix for members |
Definition at line 308 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Save this object to file.
file | where to save the object; will be closed during returning if PREFIX is an empty string. |
prefix | prefix for members |
Definition at line 314 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Can (optionally) be overridden to post-initialize some member variables which are not PARAMETER::ADD'ed. Make sure that at first the overridden method BASE_CLASS::SAVE_SERIALIZABLE_POST is called.
ShogunException | will be thrown if an error occurs. |
Reimplemented in CKernel.
Definition at line 436 of file SGObject.cpp.
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protectedvirtualinherited |
Can (optionally) be overridden to pre-initialize some member variables which are not PARAMETER::ADD'ed. Make sure that at first the overridden method BASE_CLASS::SAVE_SERIALIZABLE_PRE is called.
ShogunException | will be thrown if an error occurs. |
Reimplemented in CKernel, CDynamicArray< T >, CDynamicArray< float64_t >, CDynamicArray< float32_t >, CDynamicArray< int32_t >, CDynamicArray< char >, CDynamicArray< bool >, and CDynamicObjectArray.
Definition at line 431 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 41 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 46 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 51 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 56 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 61 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 66 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 71 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 76 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 81 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 86 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 91 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 96 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 101 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 106 of file SGObject.cpp.
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Definition at line 111 of file SGObject.cpp.
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set generic type to T
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set the parallel object
parallel | parallel object to use |
Definition at line 241 of file SGObject.cpp.
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set the version object
version | version object to use |
Definition at line 283 of file SGObject.cpp.
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set inducing features
feat | features to set |
Definition at line 109 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
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set the noise for inducing points
noise | noise for inducing points |
The noise is used to enfore the kernel matrix about the inducing points are positive definite
Definition at line 113 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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set kernel
kern | kernel to set |
Reimplemented from CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 85 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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set the lower bound of inducing features
bound | lower bound constrains of inducing features |
Note that if the length of the bound is 1, it means the bound constraint applies to each dimension of all inducing features
Note that if the length of the bound is greater than 1, it means each dimension of the bound constraint applies to the corresponding dimension of inducing features
Definition at line 219 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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set the max number of iterations used in optimization of inducing features
it | max number of iterations |
Definition at line 230 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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set likelihood model
mod | model to set |
Reimplemented in CKLInferenceMethod, and CKLDualInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 340 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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set the tolearance used in optimization of inducing features
tol | tolearance |
Definition at line 235 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
set the upper bound of inducing features
bound | upper bound constrains of inducing features |
Note that if the length of the bound is 1, it means the bound constraint applies to each dimension of all inducing features
Note that if the length of the bound is greater than 1, it means each dimension of the bound constraint applies to the corresponding dimension of inducing features
Definition at line 224 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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A shallow copy. All the SGObject instance variables will be simply assigned and SG_REF-ed.
Reimplemented in CGaussianKernel.
Definition at line 192 of file SGObject.cpp.
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whether combination of inference method and given likelihood function supports binary classification
Reimplemented in CEPInferenceMethod, CKLInferenceMethod, CSingleFITCLaplacianInferenceMethod, and CSingleLaplacianInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 371 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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whether combination of inference method and given likelihood function supports multiclass classification
Definition at line 378 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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virtual |
Reimplemented from CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 125 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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unset generic type
this has to be called in classes specializing a template class
Definition at line 303 of file SGObject.cpp.
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update all matrices
Implements CSparseInferenceBase.
Definition at line 101 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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update alpha matrix
Implements CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 224 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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update cholesky Matrix.
Implements CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 169 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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update matrices which are required to compute negative log marginal likelihood derivatives wrt hyperparameter
Implements CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 250 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.cpp.
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Updates the hash of current parameter combination
Definition at line 248 of file SGObject.cpp.
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update train kernel matrix
Reimplemented from CInferenceMethod.
Definition at line 154 of file SparseInferenceBase.cpp.
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io
Definition at line 369 of file SGObject.h.
alpha vector used in process mean calculation
Definition at line 475 of file InferenceMethod.h.
the matrix used for multi classification
Definition at line 487 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 251 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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features to use
Definition at line 469 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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Definition at line 219 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
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parameters wrt which we can compute gradients
Definition at line 384 of file SGObject.h.
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Whether gradients are updated
Definition at line 490 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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Hash of parameter values
Definition at line 387 of file SGObject.h.
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tolearance used in optimizing inducing_features
Definition at line 193 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
inducing features for approximation
Definition at line 305 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
Definition at line 247 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
Definition at line 243 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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covariance function
Definition at line 460 of file InferenceMethod.h.
Definition at line 245 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
kernel matrix from features (non-scalled by inference scalling)
Definition at line 484 of file InferenceMethod.h.
diagonal elements of kernel matrix m_ktrtr
Definition at line 323 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
covariance matrix of inducing features and training features
Definition at line 314 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
covariance matrix of inducing features
Definition at line 311 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
upper triangular factor of Cholesky decomposition
Definition at line 478 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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labels of features
Definition at line 472 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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Definition at line 222 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
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noise of the inducing variables
Definition at line 308 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
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kernel scale
Definition at line 481 of file InferenceMethod.h.
lower bound of inducing features
Definition at line 184 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
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max number of iterations
Definition at line 190 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
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mean function
Definition at line 463 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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likelihood function to use
Definition at line 466 of file InferenceMethod.h.
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model selection parameters
Definition at line 381 of file SGObject.h.
mean vector of the the posterior Gaussian distribution
Definition at line 320 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
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whether optimize inducing features
Definition at line 196 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
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parameters
Definition at line 378 of file SGObject.h.
covariance matrix of the the posterior Gaussian distribution
Definition at line 317 of file SparseInferenceBase.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 253 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
Definition at line 257 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
Definition at line 259 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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protected |
Definition at line 255 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
upper bound of inducing features
Definition at line 187 of file SingleSparseInferenceBase.h.
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Definition at line 249 of file SparseVGInferenceMethod.h.
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parallel
Definition at line 372 of file SGObject.h.
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version
Definition at line 375 of file SGObject.h.